Ancient Japan in Poetry
Man'yoshu · Nara Period · ca. 730

1,300-Year-Old Spring Poem from Ancient Japan | Onomichi

春されば まづ咲く宿の 梅の花 ひとり見つつや 春日暮らさむ
Haru sareba / mazu saku yado no / ume no hana / hitori mitsutsu ya / haruhi kurasamu
When spring arrives, the plum tree blooms first beside my humble dwelling— shall I pass these lengthening days alone, watching?
— Yamanoue no Okura (山上憶良)

About the Poet

Yamanoue no Okura (660-733) stands among the most distinctive voices of the Man'yoshu, Japan's oldest poetry anthology. Born possibly in Paekche (Korea), he served as a scholar-official in the Nara court and later as governor of Chikuzen Province in Kyushu. Unlike his contemporaries who favored romantic themes, Okura wrote with remarkable social consciousness—poems about poverty, aging, and the love between parent and child that feel startlingly modern. His famous 'Dialogue on Poverty' remains one of Japanese literature's earliest works of social criticism. Okura traveled extensively with diplomatic missions to Tang China (701-707), bringing continental literary influences to Japanese verse. His poetry often carries a Buddhist undertone of impermanence and gentle melancholy. For travelers exploring Nara's ancient capital, Okura represents the cosmopolitan spirit of the era—a time when Japan eagerly absorbed Chinese culture while developing its own artistic identity. His works offer intimate windows into 8th-century daily life, from government officials' loneliness to farmers' hardships.

Onomichi, Hiroshima

Onomichi, perched along the gentle slopes of Hiroshima Prefecture's coast, enchants visitors with its labyrinthine hillside paths, ancient temples, and stunning Seto Inland Sea views. This atmospheric port town features the famous Temple Walk, connecting 25 historic temples via stone stairways winding through residential neighborhoods where cats drowse on sun-warmed walls. Spring transforms Onomichi into a paradise of cherry blossoms and plum flowers, particularly beautiful along Senkoji Park's slopes. The town's literary heritage runs deep—novelist Fumiko Hayashi and filmmaker Yasujiro Ozu both found inspiration here. Travelers should explore the Shimanami Kaido cycling route, rent a bicycle, and pedal across island-hopping bridges. Visit during spring for blossoms, or autumn for golden light. The nostalgic shopping streets offer local citrus treats and vintage charm.

Understanding the Poem

This poem captures the bittersweet solitude of early spring, when plum blossoms—traditionally the first flowers heralding the season's arrival—bloom beside the poet's home. The plum tree (ume) holds profound significance in Japanese culture, symbolizing perseverance, renewal, and scholarly refinement, having been introduced from China. Okura's question 'shall I pass these spring days alone?' reveals the melancholy beneath surface beauty—a quintessentially Japanese aesthetic sensibility called 'mono no aware' (pathos of things). The poem balances celebration of nature's first offerings with human loneliness, suggesting that beauty witnessed alone remains somehow incomplete. Written during the Nara period when court officials often served in distant provinces far from family, this work likely reflects Okura's personal experience of administrative isolation. The intimate domestic setting—'my dwelling's plum tree'—grounds cosmic seasonal change in everyday human experience.

early plum blossoms solitary dwelling lengthening spring days quiet contemplation first flowers of spring Spring Hiroshima Man'yoshu

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